5. Glimpses of history
6. Making the game unpredictable
7. A big business
8. Games on your mobile
A. If a student is shy and it is hard to make him or her speak English during a lesson, communication games can be a good solution to the problem. There are literally thousands of board and card games developed by hundreds of enthusiastic teachers worldwide. The Internet will also offer you many shops selling games you can use during your lesson. This way your students will concentrate on the game itself without realizing that, in fact, they are being taught something, and they will feel comfortable.
B. Most people dont realize board games are actually prehistoric, meaning we had board games before we had written language. Dice was the basis of humanitys oldest board games. Some years ago, a series of 49 small carved painted stones were found in southeast Turkey. They are thought to be more than 5000 years old and they are the earliest gaming pieces ever found. Similar pieces have recently been found in Syria and Iraq and some other places and seem to point to board games originating there.
C. Many games require some level of both skill and luck. A player may be hampered by bad luck in backgammon, Monopoly or Risk but over many games a skilled player will win more often, and the elements of luck can make for more excitement, and more diverse and multifaceted strategies, as concepts such as expected value and risk management must be considered. European board games are notable for having less luck element than North American ones but there are exceptions, of course.
D. While the board gaming market is still estimated to be smaller than that for video games, it has also experienced significant growth from the late 1990s. The rise in board game popularity has been attributed to quality improvement as well as increased availability. A 1991 estimate for the global board game market was over $1.2 billion. A 2001 estimate for the US board games and puzzle market gave a value of under $400 million, and for the UK, of about £50 million thats quite a lot, actually.
E. A lot of people enjoy playing board games but they dont have time to play them at leisure. However, they have time to kill on public transport, when stuck in traffic jams or queuing. Theres good news for board game lovers there are literally thousands of applications for both iPhone and Android platforms where they can find familiar board games in a convenient format. You can play against artificial intelligence or find a person to play with online. You can now play your favourite games anytime and anywhere.
F. Luck may be introduced into a game by many different methods. The use of a dice of various sorts goes back to the earliest board games. These can decide everything from how many steps a player moves their token, as in Monopoly, to how their forces fare in battle, as in Risk, or which resources a player gains, as in The Settlers of Catan. Other games use special cards that, when shuffled, create randomness. Other games use spinners, timers of random length and so on. This creates unexpected twists.
G. An important aspect of some board games is diplomacy that is, players making deals with one another. Negotiation generally features only in games with three or more players, cooperative games being the exception. An important facet of The Settlers of Catan, for example, is convincing players to trade with you rather than with opponents. In Risk, two or more players may team up against others. Diplomacy may involve making elaborate plans together thus having more chance to win the game.
Ответ:
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
11 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски AF частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 17. Одна из частей в списке 17 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
State History Museum
The State History Museum is the largest historical museum in Russia. It is situated at the northern end of Red Square in the heart of Moscow. What once was the Principal Medicine Store now houses a huge collection A__________ the Stone Age. It was founded in 1872 and opened to the public in 1883. The museum is housed in a neo-Russian style building, B__________. It is one of the most prominent buildings in Red Square. Each room is in the style of a different period or region. The walls in some rooms are decorated in the style of Russian churches.
The impressive collection of the State History Museum includes relics of prehistoric tribes C__________ present-day Russia. The exhibits about medieval Russia are excellent. Several rooms of this period cover the Mongol invasions D__________.
The 2nd floor is dedicated to the Imperial period. The exhibits include personal items of the royal family members, furniture and decoration from the palace interiors. There are also various pieces of artworks and documents from the era. Specific rooms are dedicated to the reigns of various tsars. An unexpected highlight is an exhibition E__________ by examining the growing network of roads and how people travelled in the past. The State History Museum has also the countrys largest coin collection, the 6th-century manuscripts and artworks F__________ during their reign.
1. which is an attraction in its own right
2. that once inhabited the big territory of
3. and cave paintings of prehistoric times
4. and the consolidation of the Russian state
5. covering Russian history since the time of
6. that were collected by the Romanov dynasty
7. addressing the expansion of the Russian Empire
Ответ:
A
B
C
D
E
F
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 1218. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
An end to second-hand coffee
To the naked eye, this farm is just like any other. But it doesnt take long to realise that the farm of Jesus Martin, though not huge, is anything but ordinary.
Martin grew up like many others in the Santa Ana Valley known as the Coffee Triangle of Colombia on a coffee farm owned by his father and grandfather. I am the youngest of six children and we all worked the farm, Martin said. My parents focused their energies on teaching us the agricultural trade, but also the love behind it. Despite this great dedication to coffee and respect for his family business, he ended up pursuing a different career altogether: law and business management. It didnt come easy to him as coffee was never far away.
During every visit to his familys humble farm, the rich aromas of beans roasting and the smell of his mothers carrot cake caused his heart to beat faster. Coffee was his life, and in 2004, after years practicing law, he found a way to combine his legal knowledge, business education and familys lifeline into what he called the coffee dream project.
Despite growing some of the most coveted beans in the world, most Colombians have never even tasted the Colombian coffee that is renowned around the world. Instead, local people drink what they call second-hand coffee, which is made from berries that haven't fully ripened, have been over-roasted or even infected with insects and diseases. Like most businesses in struggling economies, the farmers only make profits on exports so they save their best stuff for higher paying countries. Farming coffee for a profit is very challenging, Martin explained, tossing a few berries in his hand. The coffee trade intermediaries, exporters, roasters and big multinational companies are the ones that benefit the most in the coffee-trade chain. Martins dream project, however, was to turn this process around, bringing specialty coffee back to Colombia.